The ionic liquid (IL) cost, IL-to-biomass ratio (i.e. The alkylammonium-based ILs used have high thermal stability, can be produced on the bulk at price ranges around 0.78 $/kg 6, and could be recycled multiple times, according to studies conducted at the bench scale (10–20 mL batch size without stirring) 4. Our previous work has demonstrated that hardwood, softwood and grassy biomass feedstocks can be deconstructed and fractionated with PILs, producing a highly digestible cellulose-rich pulp and lignin with tunable properties 3, 4, 5. As opposed to other IL-based pretreatment processes, the IonoSolv process dissolves the lignin and hemicellulose fractions of the biomass, that can be recovered and valorized separately, leaving a cellulose-rich pulp as solid residue. One of the most promising biomass pretreatment methods is the IonoSolv process, which utilizes low cost protic ionic liquids (PILs) as pretreatment media 2, 3. Therefore, there is a need to reduce its associated costs. It is considered the second most expensive contributor to conversion expenses, after feedstock (~ 30%), representing ~ 14% 1. Similar content being viewed by othersĬhemical pretreatment is an essential step in the conversion of lignocellulosic materials to biofuels, chemicals and other products. Pulp washing protocols need further improvement to reduce the incidence of lignin precipitation and the water requirements of lignin washing. Stirred ionoSolv pretreatment showed great potential for industrialization and further process intensification after optimization of the pretreatment conditions (temperature, residence time, stirring speed), particle size and biomass loading. Pretreatment of particle sizes of 1–3 mm was more effective than fine powders (0.18–0.85 mm) giving higher glucose yields due to reduced surface area available for lignin re-precipitation while reducing grinding energy needs. ![]() 100-fold scale-up (from 10 mL to 1 L) improved the efficacy of ionoSolv pretreatment and increasing loadings from 10 to 20 wt% reduced lignin reprecipitation and led to higher glucose yields due to the improved heat and mass transfer caused by efficient slurry mixing in the reactor. Omitting the pulp air-drying step maintained saccharification yields at 66% at 50 wt% loading due to reduced fiber hornification. At the bench scale, increasing biomass loading from 10 to 50 wt% reduced glucose yields from 68 to 23% due to re-precipitation of lignin onto the pulp surface. In this work, the effects of biomass loading, particle size, pulp washing protocols and 100-fold scale up for the pretreatment of the grassy biomass Miscanthus giganteus with the IL triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate,, are presented as a necessary step in that direction. In order to evaluate the transition of the ionoSolv pretreatment of biomass from bench-scale experiments to commercial scale, there is a need to get better insight in process intensification. The methods below will give you cubic measures such as ft 3 or m 3 depending on your units of measure.The ionoSolv process is one of the most promising technologies for biomass pretreatment in a biorefinery context. Methods to calculate the volume of tanks and the volume of a liquid inside a tank Actual water and oil tanks may not be perfect geometric shapes or might have other features not accounted for here so, these calculations should only be considered estimates. These tank shapes are calculated assuming exact geometric solid shapes such as cylinders, circles and spheres. ![]() Tank volume calculations are based on tank geometries shown below. ![]() fluid gallons, Imperial (UK) gallons, cubic feet (ft³), metric liters and cubic meters (m³). dimensions in feet (ft) or inches (in), or metric dimensions in meters (m) or centimeters (cm). Estimate the total capacity and filled volumes in gallons and liters of tanks such as oil tanks and water tanks.
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